Diabetes mellitus, Type 2 Basics

DESCRIPTION
Non-ketosis prone hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance due to defects in insulin secretion and peripheral insulin action. Accounts for 80% of diabetic cases.

System(s) affected: Endocrine/Metabolic, Nervous, Renal/Urologic, Cardiovascular

Genetics: Strong polygenic familial susceptibility. Concordance is nearly complete in identical twins.

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Incidence/Prevalence in USA:


  • Incidence:
    - 300/100,000 (males 230/100,000, females 340/100,000)
  • Prevalence:
    - 5,000/100,000
    - More common in some groups such as Pima Indians with 35% prevalence

Predominant age: Typically occurs after age 40

Predominant sex: Female > Male in Caucasian populations

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS


  • Related to hyperglycemia and complications including nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy
  • Polyuria
  • Polydipsia
  • Polyphagia
  • Weight loss
  • Weakness
  • Fatigue
  • Frequent infections

CAUSES
Genetic factors and obesity are important

RISK FACTORS

Aug 09, 06 • Type 2 diabetes •